A gender-based study of symptoms and risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital, Lahore.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the symptoms and risk factors associated with gender-specific mortality among coronavirus disease-2019 patients. METHODS: The retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the coronavirus disease-2019 ward of the Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised record of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease-2019 diagnosed on the basis of characteristic clinical symptoms, radiological findings and polymerase chain reaction positivity from May 1 to August 31, 2020. Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and outcomes were extracted from the medical records. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of 337 cases, 132(39.2%) died. Among the deceased, 84(64%) were males with median age 61.5 (interquartile range: 22) and 48(36%) were females with median age 54.5 (interquartile range: 25).There were more female non-survivors who suffered from kidney disease 10(66.7%) than male non-survivors 5(33.3%) (p<0.05). Ischaemic heart disease was more common among males than females (p=1.62). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate in males was higher compared to females. The symptoms and risk factors associated with mortality varied between the genders.

Linguocognitive Conflict of Digital and Pre-Digital Thinking in Online Educational Discourse During the Pandemic: Social Danger or a New Challenge?

The authors analyze the problems of online educational discourse in the context of the linguocognitive conflict of the «pre-digital» and «digital generations» in connection with mediated communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, society has actualized hidden socio-cultural conflicts that have increased the disharmonious influence on the implementation of online educational discourse in a situation of prolonged self-isolation and lockdowns. The authors distinguish a separate subtype of educational discourse-online educational discourse, it is the result of an interactive process of interaction of subjects in an indirect educational space of an online format, within which intercultural, interpersonal communication, a diverse verbal-paraverbal exchange of information using digital means of communication is carried out. At the same time, the possibilities of the language of the participants of educational communication are evaluated in the context of expressing their communicative intentions. The situation of the pandemic has updated the features in the decoding of information in the «digital generation». The specifics of the speech-thinking activity of the «digital generation» are a pseudo-psychopatholinguistic phenomenon, which requires new approaches to online educational discourse in the formation of competencies. The new situation requires the allocation of other parameters for the psychodiagnostics of norm and pathology in the work of the language and brain. Humanity is looking for compromises for the full-fledged formation of various competencies based on language, using online educational dialogue as optimal in terms of survival during a pandemic. The specifics of the language behavior of the «digital generation» reflect a different type of thinking than that of the representatives of the «pre-digital generation». The article reflects the results of an international study on the formation of students 'communicative competence using online educational discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Авторы анализируют проблемы онлайн-учебного дискурса в условиях лингвокогнитивного конфликта «доцифрового» и «цифрового поколений» в связи с опосредованной коммуникацией в период пандемии COVID-19. Сегодня общество актуализировало скрытые социокультурные конфликты, которые усилили дисгармоничное влияние на реализацию онлайн- учебного дискурса в ситуации длительной самоизоляции и локдаунов. Авторы выделяют отдельный подтип учебного дискурса – онлайн- учебный дискурс, он есть результат интерактивного процесса взаимодействия субъектов в опосредованном учебном пространстве онлайн- формата, в рамках которого осуществляется межкультурная, межличностная коммуникация, разнообразный вербально- паравербальный обмен информацией с использованием цифровых средств коммуникации. Одномоментно оцениваются возможности языка участников учебной коммуникации в контексте выражения их коммуникативных намерений. Ситуация пандемии актуализировала особенности в декодировании информации у «цифрового поколения». Специфика речемыслительной деятельности «цифрового поколения» есть псевдопсихопатолингвистический феномен, что требует новых подходов к онлайн- учебному дискурсу при формировании компетенций. Новая ситуация требует выделения других параметров для психодиагностики нормы и патологии в работе языка и мозга. Человечество ищет компромиссы для полноценного формирования разнообразных компетенций на основе языка, используя онлайн- учебный диалог как оптимальный в условиях выживания в период пандемии. Специфика языкового поведения «цифрового поколения» отражает иной тип мышления, чем у представителей «доцифрового поколения». В статье отражены результаты международного исследования по формированию коммуникативной компетенции у студентов с помощью онлайн- учебного дискурса в период пандемии COVID-19. (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Siberian Federal University, Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Siberian Federal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)